Hydraulic control mechanisms



March 17, 1959 H. A. PANlSSlDl HYDRAULIC CONTROL MECHANISMS sSheets-Sheet 1 Filed May 25, 1957 GEAR BOX 3 ,32, CHANGE INVENTOR. HUGOA. PANISSIDI ATTORNEY H. A. PANISSIDI HYDRAULIC CONTROL MECHANISMS March17, 1959 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 23, 1957 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY March 17, 1959 H. A. PANISSIDI 2,878,015

HYDRAULIC CONTROL MECHANISMS Filed May 23, 1957 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 REST v"DEQELERITE 0Q, ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION OF HYDRAULIC MOTOR 22 SCONTROL VALVE CAM so 99 AND 99 KNOCK OFF CAM 94 f 102 AND 102 DETENT CAM95 INVENTOR.

HUGO A.PANISSD1 ATTORNEY 2,878,015 HYDRAULIC CGNTROL MECHANISMSApplication May 23, 1957, Serial No. 661,114 9 Claims. (Cl. 2712.4)

' This invention relates to hydraulic apparatus wherein there is arequirement to selectively control and regulate the extent of actuationof a hydraulic motor. Hydraulic systems have been devised to control andregulate the extent of actuation of a hydraulic motor but the presentinvention is directed to the provision of means to adjust its extent ofactuation, whereby the work accomplished by the hydraulic motor may beused for a variety of purposes. More specifically the inventioncontemplates the control of a hydraulic motor, i. e. its starting andstopping, by opening or closing its fluid exit, to provide a meteringcylinder which receives a predetermined volume of exhaust fluidproportional to the extent of actuation of the hydraulic motor, and toselectively adjust and change the volume of the exhaust fluid to varythe extent of actuation of the hydraulic motor. In broader terms theinvention contemplates the provision of an exhaust fluid receivingmetering cylinder which has an adjustable volume receiving capacity.

More specifically it contemplates the provision of a metering cylinderin which a variable extent of movement of a piston in a cylinderreceiving exhaust fluid controls the extent of actuation of thehydraulic motor.

In the attainment of this object said cylinder is completely closed withthe exception of two fluid directing ducts and in said cylinder is afreely floating piston. In one cyclic operation of the motor the fluidis directed from one duct against the piston which then floats along inthe cylinder. At the end position of the piston the latter abuts anadjustable stop at which time the cylinder is filled and no more fluidcan be received by the cylinder, and the motor stops. In the next cyclicoperation a reverse operation takes place, but in each operation one ofthe ducts is open to the return duct to permit emptying of the exhaustfluid to provide an increasing volume of the cylinder to receive thefluid exhausted in the same operation. The adjustable stops at the endsof the cylinders provide for the initial volume adjustment of thecylinder which is proportional to the volume of fluid discharge and theextent of motor actuation.

A still further object of the invention is to provide means to reducethe eflective area of the piston subjected to fluid pressure at both thestart and finish of the rotation of the motor, whereby the accelerationand deceleration of the hydraulic motor is eflected gradually. Thissubjects the starting and stopping of the motor to less shock andprovides a desirable type of rotation for many purposes.

5 The rotation of the hydraulic motor in this specific manner is foundespecially useful in operating machines for feeding paper strips. Hereinthe motor is disclosed with associated means for operating paper webfeeding devices, although it is obvious that this is only illustrative.In a broader sense the present invention is directed to" novelcontrolmeans to accelerate and decelerate a hydraulic motor to a predeterminedextent and to vary the extent as is found desirable.

2,878,015 nient a Mar. 17, meg

' Other objects of the invention will be pointed out in the followingdescription and claims andillustrated in the accompanying drawings,which disclose, by way of example, the principle of the invention andthe best mode, which has been contemplated, of applying that principle.In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of thecomponents of the apparatus and their inter-connection and the paperfeeding device operated thereby to intermittently feed the paper webpredetermined amounts. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of some of theapparatus shown in Fig. 1. 1

Fig. 3 is a timing diagram.

Constant fluid pressure source The hydraulic motor to be described,which is operated herein to intermittently feed a paper strip apredetermined distance, is actuated by fluid at a constant pressurelevel derived from a hydraulic pump 10 preferably of the gear type. Thehydraulic gear pump 10 (Fig. 1) is continuously driven by an electricmotor. 11. A duct 12 is connected to the suction side of the gear pump10 to draw fluid from a reservoir 13, said duct 12 having connected I atits end a foot valve 14 dipping in the reservoir 13. The duct 15 isconnected at one side to the pressure side of the gear pump 10 and attheother side to a filter 16 which in turn is connected to apressureregulator valve 17 having an overflow pipe 18, dipping inthe reservoir13. The Out side of pressure regulator 17 is connected to an accumulator19 which serves'to keep the pressure at a constant predetermined level,said fluid then being directed through a check valve 20 to a duct 21.

The hydraulic motor 22 is of the fluid actuated type and the duct 21 isconnected to the inlet side 23 of the hydraulic motor, whereby thepressureof the fluid in the duct 21 rotates said motor as long as thefluid output port 24 is unblocked to permit free exit of the exhaustfluid at a lower pressure through a duct 25.

Paper feeding mechanism The speed control for the hydraulic motor 22 isadapted herein to regulate and determine the extent of paper feed and toeffect the feed in an intermittent manner. To this end the driven shaft29 of thehydraulic'motor 22' has connected to it a gear 30 which drivesthrough an idler change gear 31 a gear 32 connected to the feed rollshaft 33. By gears 35 a parallel feed roller shaft 34 is driven in orderto oppositely drive a pair of feed rolls 36 between which a paper strip37 passes. Said strip is drawn from a roll (not shown), and hasassociated therewith a tension or slack roller 38. The paper strip isthus fed in the direction of the arrow shown in Fig. 2.

Machines of this type are provided wtih several pairs of" Shuttle orcontrol valve The closing or opening of the output side of the hydraulicmotor 22 at output port 24 is controlled by a con-' trol valve 40 whichis actuated in a 'manner'designed to produce the desired rotationalcharacteristics to the hy-- draulic motor 22.

Said control valve comprises a block 41 suitably bored to provide acylinder and associated ports and ducts. The shuttle valve comprises acylindrical bore in which fits-a" spool type valve. The output port'25ofhydraulic motor 22 is connected to the central input port 43 and isadapted; to be completely closed by a central piston to stopthc rotationof the hydraulic motor 22. In the position shown in Fig. 1 especiallypiston 44 has opened the input port 43 to a chamber 45, thus enablingfluid flow in the direction of the arrow to a duct 46 connected tochamber 45. In a lowered position (Fig. 2) of said piston 44 orrighthand in Fig. l fluid communication is made between in put port 43and a chamber 47 which has a connection to a duct 48. Hence, it will beseen that piston 44 alternately directs the fluid output in duct 25 toeither chambers 45 and 47 and related ducts 46 and 48, for a reason soonto be evident.

Said shuttle valve carries upper and lower end pistons 50 and 51 adaptedto close or open chambers 53 or 54 which have fluid communication on oneside to the respective ducts 46 and 48 and on the other side to relatedducts 55, 56 which returns fluid back by a return duct 57 to thereservoir 13 (see Fig. 1).

The movements of the shuttle valve to elfect the desired rotationalcharacteristics of the hydraulic motor 22 are controlled by a profilecam 60 against which bears the piston 50, and a spring 58 causes saidpiston assembly to follow the profile of the cam 60 as the latter isrotated.

Metering valve Associated with the control or shuttle valve is ametering valve which adjustably limits or meters the volume of fluiddischarge from the exit port 24 of the hydraulic motor 22.

In its simplified form it consists of a closed cylinder 61 in which afreely floating piston 62 moves in one direction or the other accordingto whether fluid emerges from duct 46 or duct 48. When the hydraulicmotor has stopped, piston 62 is in such position that fluid emergingfrom either ducts 46 or 48 will strike one face or the other of thefloating piston 62 shifting it in the cylinder in a related directionuntil it reaches its limit position at which time the cylinder is filledwith fluid and stops the motor. The available volume in the cylinder isdetermined by adjustable stops 63 and 64, and since they regulate theextent of movement of the floating piston 62, the volume of the cylinderis regulated. Further, the volume of fluid discharge is regulated tocontrol the extent of rotation of the hydraulic motor, and the extent ofpaper feed.

It is also explained that when fluid discharges into the cylinder byduct 46, for example, the fluid already in the cylinder is emptied bythe other duct 48, since piston 50 has effected communication betweenducts 48 and S6. The same emptying operation takes place when fluiddischarges ,in the cylinder by duct 48.

In both Figs. 1 and 2, a. more detailed construction of the meteringvalveis shown. At each end of the cylinder 65 stop plugs 70 and 71 arefitted and each consists of a cylindrical plug having channeled endrings carrying conventional piston rings 72. The plug is reduced indiameter in the mid-portion at 73 to form an annular chamber 74communicating with the bore 46 or 48' in the cylinder 61 to which ducts46 or 48 are connected. A central hole or orifice 75 in each stop plugis intersected by a hole 76 which opens to the chamber 74, formed by thereduced diameter mid-portion 73.

The piston 62 floatsor moves in the cylinder 61 between the two plugs 70or 71 and when the cylinder has been previously filled one or the otherof the two tapered pins 77 carried by the piston 62 enters the orifice'75 of the related plug '70 or 71. To vary the cylinder volume andextent of displacement of piston 62, each plug 70, 71 is movable more orless into the cylinder by forming stops 63 and 64 as conventionaladjusting screws which are attached to plugs 70 and 71 and are lockedinto position by lock nuts 79.

If the fluid discharge emerging from ducts 46 or 48 is not initiallyrestricted, the motor would be rapidly accelerated which is notdesirable. With the construction shown and described the .efiective areaof the piston 62 at the instant of starting is the reduced area exposedby the orifice 75 of the elfective stop plug to the tapered pin 77. Thisreduced effective area at the instant of start decreases the rate ofacceleration of the hydraulic motor in its angular excursion or rotationfrom zero to maximum velocity. As the other tapered pin 77 of thefloating piston 62 moving in the cylinder 61 approaches the orifice 75of the other stop plug the escaping fluid will be gradually restricted,thus, gradually decelerating the floating piston 62- a stop, andaccordingly the hydraulic motor.

Cyclic operations It is desirable to eflect cyclic operations of paperfeed by initiating the rotation of the hydraulic motor at desired times.A convenient way of accomplishing this is described as follows:

A motor 80 drives a shaft 81 through a belt drive 82 and interposedbetween shaft 81 and the shaft 83 carrying the cam 60 is anelectromagnetically controlled clutch 84 of conventional construction.One element of the clutch is constantly rotated by shaft 81 and theother element of the clutch which is attached to shaft 83 is clutchedthereto when a clutch release arm 85 is rocked as a result of theenergization of a control magnet 86. No electrical circuit forenergizing the clutch control magnet 86 is shown herein since it isevident that various means may be provided to complete the energizingcircuit to energize the magnet 86.

The cam 60 is so designed that in one half revolution of shaft 83 duringone cyclic operation it will move the piston 44 upwardly from theneutral position and back to neutral to cause duct 46 to receive thefluid discharge, and in a successive half revolution of shaft 83 duringthe next cyclic operation the piston 44 is moved downward from neutralposition and back thereto to cause duct 48 to receive the fluiddischarge. Thus, it is necessary that the clutch 84 permit only halfrevolutions of the shaft 83 and other shafts during successive cyclicoperations.

Detent mechanism From Figs. 1 and 2 it will be seen that secured to thedriven shaft 83 is a gear 90 which drives a gear 91 secured to a countershaft 92, through an idler gear 93. Counter shaft 92 carries profileearns 94 and 95. The profile cams 94 and 95 are adapted to receive ahalf revolution for each cyclic operation. Pivoted on a stud 96 is adetent in the form of a bell crank, the rearward sharpened detent arm 97being adapted to engage a ratchet detent wheel 98 secured to thehydraulic motor drive shaft 29. At the stopped position of the motor,detent arm 97 engages a tooth of the ratchet wheel 98. When clutch 84engages, cam 94 begins to turn in the arrow direction to cause a lobe 99of the cam 94 bearing against a wheel 100 carried by a follower arm 101integral with detent arm 97 to rock the detent arm 97 free of theratchet wheel 98, permitting the hydraulic motor to rotate. A short timethereafter and while detent arm 97 is in the up position a lobe 102 ofcam 95 moves away from a follower wheel 103 carried by a latch pawl 104and permits it to be rocked by a spring 105 to cause a lug 106 to catchunder the follower arm 101, thereby retaining the detent arm 97 in an upposition free of the detent wheel 98, while said hydraulic motor isrotated. These timing relationships are evident in the timing chart ofFig. 3.

As the piston 62 of the metering cylinder approaches its final position,the diametrically opposite knockofl lobe 102' of cam 95 will then rocklatch arm 104 to unlatch the bell crank 97-101, and the detent arm 97will now engage a tooth of the detent wheel .98, bringing the hy'.

draulic motor to a dead stop position. There is sufficient leakage inthe motor and control valve 40 to permit the tooth of the detent wheel98 to drift against the detent pawl arm 97, thus assuring an accuratemechanical stop.

Sheet severingmechanism While the present apparatus so far describedconstitutes a useful entity in a paper web feeding apparatus, it may bedesirable to sever the predetermined lengths of paper fed into separatesheets.

To this end paper web is fed between a fixed cutting blade 110, and areciprocable guillotine blade 111. A motor 112 drives a shaft 113 by abelt drive 114. A second electromagnetic clutch 115 controlled by asolenoid 116 clutches shaft 113 with an eccentric cam 117. The eccentriccam moves the guillotine blade 111 against the companion blade 110 tosever the paper web, forming a sheet of a predetermined length, whichdrops in a storage magazine 118.

It should be understood that by properly selecting the gear'drive tocounter shaft 92, the detent mechanism, is proportioned for variouslengths of paper which is fed, and primarily determined by theadjustable stops 63 and 64 of the metering cylinder. To this end gears30, 31 and 32 may be a conventional adjustable change gear mechanism ina change gear box 119 (Fig. 1).

While there have been shown and described and pointed out thefundamental novel features of the invention, it will be understood thatvarious omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and detailsof the device illustrated and in its operation may be made by thoseskilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the invention.It is the intention, therefore, to be limited only as indicated by thescope of the following claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a hydraulic apparatus, the combination of a hydraulic motor whoserotation is started and stopped by respectively opening or closing thefluid discharge exit port of said motor, a control valve having itsentrance port connected to said exit discharge port, said control valvehaving a discharge port, and a piston in said valve normally closingsaid fluid exit discharge port of said motor to stop said motor, meansfor positioning said piston to open said fluid exit discharge port tostart said motor and discharge the exhaust fluid to the discharge portof said control valve, a metering valve having an entrance portreceiving the discharged fluid from the discharge port of said controlvalve, a piston freely floating in the cylinder of the metering valveagainst which the discharged fluid impinges to move the piston in thecylinder, and means adjustable by the operator of the machine forlimiting the extent of movement of the piston in the cylinder, wherebythe volume of discharged fluid and the stopping of the motor is governedby the extent of move ment of the piston.

2. In a hydraulic apparatus, the combination of a hydraulic motor whoserotation is started and stopped by respectively opening or closing thefluid discharge exit port of said motor, a control valve having itsentrance port connected to the fluid discharge port and having a pair ofdischarge ports, a piston in said valve for closing the discharge exitport to stop said motor and for opening said discharge exit port torotate said motor and directing the discharged fluid to either of twodischarge ports of said control valve, means for operating said pistonto open the discharge exit port to rotate said motor and to effectdischarge of the fluid to one and then the other of said two dischargeports of the control valve in successive startstop cyclic operations ofsaid hydraulic motor, a metering valve having a piston floating in aclosed cylinder and a pair of entrance ports connected to the respectiveone of the two discharge exit ports of the control valve, which entranceports open in the cylinder in such a way as to impinge the fluiddischarge against the piston to move it in the cylinder in one directionand then the other in successive cyclic operations, and means to limitthe movement of the piston in each of the two directions it moves,whereby said limiting means stops the movement of the piston when saidcylinder is filled with discharged fluid.

'6 3..A=hydraulic.apparatus defined in claim 2 wherein the piston ofsaid control valve is operated and positioned by said operating means tonormally close the fluid discharge exit port to stop the motor, thenpositioned to open said port to initiate the rotation of the motor to anextent determined by said metering valve, and then positioned to closesaid port to stop the motor, successively in each cyclic operation ofthe hydraulic motor. v 4. A hydraulic apparatus defined in claim 2wherein the control valve is provided with two additional pistons, eachadapted to connect the entrance port of the metering valve not receivingthe discharged fluid to a fluid return duct, whereby the cylinder of themetering valve is empted of previously discharged fluid as newdischarged fluid is entered in the cylinder by an entrance portreceiving discharged fluid.

; 5. A hydraulic apparatus defined in claim 2 wherein the piston of saidmetering valve carries a tapered stud, and the discharged fluid from anentrance port is discharged into an orifice normally blocked by saidtapered stud whereby the area of the piston impinged by the dischargedfluid is initially restricted and a gradual acceleration of rotation ofthe motor is eflected at the start as the piston moves said stud out ofthe orifice.

6. A hydraulic apparatus defined in claim 4 wherein as said piston movesin the metering valve the fluid previously discharged in the cylinder isemptied through an orifice of an entrance port, and the piston of saidmetering valve carries a pair of tapered studs, one of which studs fitsin the orifice of the entrance port receiving the discharged fluid toreduce the effective area of the piston impinged by the discharged fluidand gradually increases the area as said piston is moved in the cylinderto effect a gradual acceleration of the motor at the start, and theother stud is received by said first orifice to gradually close saidfirst orifice to decrease the rate of discharge of the emptied fluid, tothereby effect a gradual deceleration of the motor to a stop.

7. In a hydraulically driven paper feeding apparatus, the combination offeeding rollers for feeding a paper strip to a predetermined extent, ahydraulic fluid operated motor for rotating said feeding rollers, thestarting and stopping of said motor being effected by respectivelyopening and closing an exit fluid discharge port, a control valve havinga piston adapted to close and open said fluid discharge port, a cam forreciprocating said piston for opening said fluid discharge port during apredetermined period to cause the motor to rotate during saidpredetermined period, a metering valve having a cylinder receiving thefluid discharge from the control valve to cause the rotation of themotor and feed of the paper strip until the cylinder is filled, andmeans for decreasing the volume of the cylinder of said metering valveto effect rotation of the motor less than said predetermined period, andthereby predetermine the extent of paper feed.

8. In a hydraulically driven paper feeding apparatus, the combination offeeding rollers for feeding a paper strip to a predetermined extent, ahydraulic fluid operated motor for rotating said feeding rollers, adetent engaging a ratchet wheel attached to the driven shaft of saidmotor to lock said motor against rotation, the starting and stopping ofsaid motor being effected by respectively opening and closing an exitfluid discharge port and the disengage ment of said detent from saidratchet wheel a control valve having a piston adapted to close and opensaid fluid discharge port, a cam for reciprocating said piston foropening said fluid discharge port during a predetermined period to causethe motor to rotate during said predeter mined period, cam operatedmeans operable synchronously with said cam for disengaging the detentfrom said ratchet wheel when said control valve opens said fluiddischarge port, a metering valve having a cylinder receiving the fluiddischarge from the control valve to cause the rotation of the motor andfeed of the paper strip until the cylinder is filled, said cam operatedmeans causing the men detent to engage said ratchet wheel to lock saidmotor against further rotation, and means for decreasing the volume ofthe cylinder of said metering valve to effect rotation of the motor lessthan said predetermined period, and thereby predetermine the extent ofpaper feed, said cam operated means being timed to cause the detent toengage the ratchet wheel to stop the motor for difierent extents ofpaper feed.

9. In a hydraulically driven paper feeding apparatus, the combination offeeding rollers for feeding a paper strip to a predetermined extent, ahydraulic fluid operated motor for rotating said feeding rollers, saidmotor having an exit fluid discharge port which is respectively closedand open to stop and start said motor, a control valve having anentrance port connected to the discharge port and a piston adapted toclose and open said fluid discharge port, a cam for reciprocating saidpiston to first open said fluid discharge port to start the motor andthen close said fluid discharge port to stop the motor, ametering valvecomprising-a cylinder, a floating piston movable therein to a limitedextent to predetermine the volume of the discharged fluid and having anentrance port receiving the fluid discharge from the control valve andopening in the cylinder of the metering valve to cause the fluiddischarge to impinge upon the piston to permit rotation of the motor andfeed of the paper strip until the cylinder is filled, and means forgoverning the extent of movement of the piston in the cylinder to varythe volume of the cylinder of the metering valve, the extent of rotationof the motor, and the extent of paper feed.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS''2,10s,s24 Simonds Jan. 18, 193s

